Population, Productivity & Growth
รัฐบาลแจกเงินฟรีทุกเดือน คนจะขี้เกียจหรือไม่? บทเรียนจากการทดลองใหญ่ที่สุดในอินเดีย
Summary
India trialled a universal basic income in Madhya Pradesh in 2011–12, paying 200–300 rupees a month to adults and 100–150 for children across nine villages.
The result cut against expectation: instead of becoming idle, recipients worked more and invested in their livelihoods.
School attendance rose, nutrition improved, and no evidence emerged of the money being wasted.
Key points
The idleness assumption failed the test
The most common objection to UBI was checked in the field and did not appear.
A small amount changes behaviour
Two to three hundred rupees is not a living. It is enough to bear the risk of a small investment.
Certainty matters more than the amount
Knowing it arrives every month allows planning, which occasional assistance cannot.
The effect on children is the longest-running one
Better attendance and nutrition carry across generations and never show up in short-term accounts.